Montoya-Aguilar C
Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 1981;29(3):233-44.
The concepts of effect and effectiveness are summarized within the framework of evaluation of public health interventions. Effect is defined as a modification of the level and structure of health problems and of the demand of health care, resulting from health and health-related activities. The concept of effectiveness is complex: in a qualitative sense, it is the property of producing an effect; in a quantitative sense, the effectiveness of a technique is the relationship between the effect of that technique and the initial magnitude of the relevant problem. The quantitative effect of a public health programme is determined by the effectiveness of the technique as applied in the field, the magnitude of the problem and the coverage attained. It is only the comparison between randomized groups that can prove the existence of non-existence of an effect; nevertheless, other less demanding types of studies can be useful for monitoring progress at the national level. Examples of each category of evaluation are presented.
在公共卫生干预措施评估框架内总结了效果和有效性的概念。效果被定义为健康及与健康相关活动导致的健康问题水平和结构以及医疗保健需求的改变。有效性的概念很复杂：从定性意义上讲，它是产生效果的属性；从定量意义上讲，一项技术的有效性是该技术的效果与相关问题初始规模之间的关系。公共卫生项目的定量效果由该技术在实际应用中的有效性、问题的规模以及所达到的覆盖范围决定。只有随机分组之间的比较才能证明效果的存在与否；然而，其他要求较低的研究类型对于在国家层面监测进展可能是有用的。文中给出了每类评估的示例。
