Smirnoff W A
Can J Microbiol. 1981 Sep;27(9):952-5.
Laboratory and field tests revealed that the addition of Erio acid red XB 400 dye (EAR) to Bacillus thuringiensis formulations inhibited spores of the bacillus. In the laboratory, 74% of the spores present in a suspension containing 16 X 10(9) viable spores/mL, and 0.25 gm/l of EAR, were inhibited after 28 h. Spore inactivation in a physiological solution containing 1 X 10(7) viable spores/mL was 75% after the same period of exposure to the same EAR concentration. Field tests showed a reduction in the number of viable spores in a suspension exposed to sunlight; a suspension of 75 000 viable spores/mL yielded 2000 and 400 viable spores/mL after 2 and 4 h of exposure to sunlight, while the same suspension added with 2.5 ppm EAR yielded 1000 and 100 viable spores/mL after the same periods of exposure. The photodynamic action of sunlight on the dye provokes a chemical reaction (oxidation) and the inactivation effect of EAR increases with temperature. Consequently, use of EAR is incompatible with B. thuringiensis formulations and methods used for deposit assessment, based on the use of EAR, should be modified accordingly.
实验室和田间试验表明，在苏云金芽孢杆菌制剂中添加 Eri 酸性红 XB 400 染料（EAR）会抑制该芽孢杆菌的孢子。在实验室中，含有 16×10⁹ 个活孢子/mL 且添加 0.25 g/L EAR 的悬浮液中，28 小时后 74%的孢子受到抑制。在含有 1×10⁷ 个活孢子/mL 的生理溶液中，在相同的暴露时间和相同的 EAR 浓度下，孢子失活率为 75%。田间试验表明，暴露在阳光下的悬浮液中活孢子数量减少；含有 75000 个活孢子/mL 的悬浮液在暴露于阳光下 2 小时和 4 小时后，分别产生 2000 个和 400 个活孢子/mL，而添加 2.5 ppm EAR 的相同悬浮液在相同暴露时间后分别产生 1000 个和 100 个活孢子/mL。阳光对该染料的光动力作用引发化学反应（氧化），EAR 的失活效果随温度升高而增强。因此，EAR 的使用与苏云金芽孢杆菌制剂不相容，基于 EAR 使用的沉积物评估方法应相应修改。
