Healey E S, Kales A, Monroe L J, Bixler E O, Chamberlin K, Soldatos C R
Psychosom Med. 1981 Oct;43(5):439-51. doi: 10.1097/00006842-198110000-00007.
During the year their insomnia began, chronic insomniacs experienced a greater number of stressful life events compared with previous or subsequent years and compared with good sleepers. In addition, among the life event categories assessed, insomniacs reported a greater number of undesirable events, particularly events related to losses and to ill health. They also had lifelong histories of more illnesses and somatic complaints, beginning with more childhood illnesses and more childhood problems related to eating and sleeping. During childhood, insomniacs reported more frequent discontent with their families, and prior to the onset of insomnia, they had less satisfying relationships with their parents as well as problems in other interpersonal relations and in their self-concepts. Currently, insomniacs felt considerably less satisfied with their lives, had lower self-concepts, and had greater difficulty with interpersonal relationships. Thus, stressful life events, mediated by certain predisposing factors of personal vulnerability, were found to be closely related to the onset of chronic insomnia.
在慢性失眠症患者失眠开始的那一年，与之前或之后的年份以及睡眠良好者相比，他们经历了更多的生活应激事件。此外，在所评估的生活事件类别中，失眠症患者报告了更多不良事件，尤其是与损失和健康不佳相关的事件。他们还有更多疾病和躯体不适的终生病史，始于更多的儿童疾病以及更多与饮食和睡眠相关的儿童问题。在童年时期，失眠症患者报告对家庭的不满更为频繁，在失眠症发作之前，他们与父母的关系不太令人满意，在其他人际关系和自我概念方面也存在问题。目前，失眠症患者对自己的生活满意度明显较低，自我概念较差，人际关系方面也有更大困难。因此，发现由个人易感性的某些 predisposing 因素介导的生活应激事件与慢性失眠症的发作密切相关。 （注：predisposing 可能是 predisposing factors，推测是“易感因素”，但按要求未修改原文中的该词）
