Holm R, Ohnsorge J
Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb. 1981 Oct;119(5):439-44. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1053314.
The passive layer of a metal implant is responsible for its tolerance in a biological environment. A report is given on ESCA-investigations on the passive layer on Vitallium implants which consists largely of Cr-oxide and is only approx. 3-5 micrometer thick. This passive layer can easily be damaged with OP-instruments. The oxide layers rebuilt on exposure to air or on sterilization in boiling water were also investigated by ESCA. Oxide layers normally formed are very similar to the original passive layer. Accumulations of Co- and Mo-oxides are also observed, however. Some short implantation experiments show that the thin Cr-oxide layer is indeed effective as a passive layer. The analytical findings indicate that the formation or re-formation of the passive layer is due to a selective dissolution process. This accords with results obtained by the neutron activation analysis of the serum.
金属植入物的钝化层决定了其在生物环境中的耐受性。本文给出了关于对维塔利姆合金植入物钝化层进行电子能谱化学分析（ESCA）研究的报告，该钝化层主要由氧化铬构成，厚度仅约3 - 5微米。此钝化层很容易被手术器械损坏。通过ESCA还研究了在暴露于空气或在沸水中灭菌时重新形成的氧化层。正常形成的氧化层与原始钝化层非常相似。不过，也观察到了钴和钼的氧化物堆积。一些短期植入实验表明，薄氧化铬层作为钝化层确实有效。分析结果表明，钝化层的形成或重新形成是由于选择性溶解过程。这与血清中子活化分析获得的结果一致。
