Infurna R N
J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1981 Dec;95(6):896-914. doi: 10.1037/h0077846.
A total of 385 suckling rats were used to investigate the effects of 24-hr biorhythmicity on performance. Nest seeking (homing) in 7-day-old pups and its facilitation by d-amphetamine varied across time of day. Analysis of initial choice revealed that the pups' ability to detect and position themselves in the direction of the nest did not vary across time of day. Homing behavior was not an artifact of random activity level but was related to the pups' motor performance which varied with a daily rhythm. Circadian rhythmic influences on the acquisition and retention of an amphetamine-induced odor aversion were shown by manipulating time of day of conditioning and subsequent retention testing. The time of day effect on conditioning was attributed, in part, to daily rhythmic changes in the effectiveness of the unconditional stimulus. Retention was optimal in pups tested at the time of day corresponding to that of their original training. Time of day may serve as a contextual stimulus that is important for retention in immature as well as adult animals. An appreciation of these 24-hr rhythms is warranted for an accurate assessment of the behavioral competence of developing animals.
总共385只乳鼠被用于研究24小时生物节律对行为表现的影响。7日龄幼鼠的寻巢（归巢）行为以及右旋苯丙胺对其的促进作用在一天中的不同时间有所变化。对初始选择的分析表明，幼鼠检测并朝着巢穴方向定位自己的能力在一天中的不同时间并无差异。归巢行为并非随机活动水平的人为产物，而是与幼鼠的运动表现相关，而运动表现会随每日节律而变化。通过控制条件反射的时间以及随后的记忆测试时间，证明了昼夜节律对苯丙胺诱导的气味厌恶的习得和记忆的影响。一天中时间对条件反射的影响部分归因于无条件刺激效果的每日节律变化。在与原始训练时间相对应的一天中的时间进行测试的幼鼠，记忆效果最佳。一天中的时间可能作为一种情境刺激，对未成熟动物和成年动物的记忆都很重要。为了准确评估发育中动物的行为能力，有必要了解这些24小时节律。
