Percutaneous transrenal placement of indwelling ureteral catheters.

Indwelling ureteral catheters can be used for long-term drainage of the upper urinary tract in the management of distal ureteral obstruction. Ureteral catheters cannot always be passed cystoscopically in a retrograde manner. However, it may be possible to place an indwelling ureteral catheter through a percutaneous nephrostomy in an antegrade fashion. This technique and exemplary patients are discussed.