Nurco D N, Cisin I H, Balter M B
Int J Addict. 1981 Dec;16(8):1305-25. doi: 10.3109/10826088109039189.
The notion that narcotic addicts constitute a homogeneous class has little utility for research on etiology, prevention, and intervention. Historically, various classification schemes have been suggested, tailored to particular applications. In this paper a new typology of addict careers is developed, based on the concepts of opportunity and motivation to use narcotics. The question addressed is: During the first decade of addiction, how much time is occupied by (1) narcotic addiction, (2) incarceration, (3) nonaddiction in the community? Preaddiction correlates of the typology are examined in a sample of addicts who became known to police during the past quarter century.
认为麻醉品成瘾者构成一个同质群体的观念，对于病因学、预防和干预研究几乎没有用处。从历史上看，人们提出了各种分类方案，以适应特定的应用。在本文中，基于使用麻醉品的机会和动机概念，开发了一种新的成瘾者生涯类型学。所探讨的问题是：在成瘾的头十年中，（1）麻醉品成瘾、（2）监禁、（3）社区中的非成瘾状态分别占据了多少时间？在过去四分之一世纪中被警方知晓的成瘾者样本中，对该类型学的成瘾前相关因素进行了研究。
