Gilden L
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1978 Nov;9(5):597-602. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(78)90209-5.
The midbrain tegmentum has been identified as an important locus for development of negative reinforcement with electrical stimulation of the brain. It also plays a central role in the motivational-affective component of pain, and is a site of the analgesic action of morphine. The present study reports the effects of morphine on the electrical activity of areas of the dorsal tegmentum of rats that were also tested for the aversive effects of brain stimulation. The results of spectral analysis of the EEG indicated that IP injections of 16 mg/kg of morphine significantly depressed intensity of EEG, while 8 mg/kg of morphine tended to increase intensity. The results were interpreted in terms of the dual action hypothesis of morphine action and Winters' model of drug effects on electrical activity of the brain. It was concluded that morphine may produce complementary inhibitory and excitatory effects on the negative and positive reinforcement systems of the brain respectively.
中脑被盖已被确定为通过脑电刺激产生负性强化作用的一个重要部位。它在疼痛的动机 - 情感成分中也起着核心作用，并且是吗啡镇痛作用的位点。本研究报告了吗啡对大鼠背侧被盖区电活动的影响，这些区域同时也接受了脑刺激厌恶效应的测试。脑电图频谱分析结果表明，腹腔注射16mg/kg吗啡显著降低了脑电图强度，而8mg/kg吗啡则倾向于增加强度。根据吗啡作用的双重作用假说以及温特斯关于药物对脑电活动影响的模型对结果进行了解释。得出的结论是，吗啡可能分别对大脑的负性和正性强化系统产生互补的抑制和兴奋作用。
