Siewert R
Langenbecks Arch Chir. 1981;355:49-54. doi: 10.1007/BF01286810.
Progress has been made in the treatment of esophageal and cardial carcinomas in three areas: (1) a special type of esophageal cancer -- the adeno-carcinoma in the columnar lines lower esophagus -- gained more clinical relevance. In the absence of other therapeutical possibilities this type of esophageal cancer is of great importance to surgery. (2) New diagnostic procedures, e.g. computer tomography, make a very good preoperative staging possible. As a result of this staging diagnostic thoracotomy or laparotomy have become avoidable and the surgical procedure can be planned. (3) An adequate preparation of the patient, e.g. by preoperative nutritional support, significantly reduces operative morbidity and mortality.
（1）一种特殊类型的食管癌——食管下段柱状上皮腺癌——在临床上变得更为重要。在缺乏其他治疗方法的情况下，这种类型的食管癌对手术治疗极为重要。（2）新的诊断程序，如计算机断层扫描，使术前进行非常准确的分期成为可能。由于这种分期，诊断性开胸手术或剖腹手术已可避免，手术方案得以规划。（3）对患者进行充分的准备，如术前营养支持，可显著降低手术并发症发生率和死亡率。
