Dembo R, Babst D V, Burgos W, Schmeidler J
Int J Addict. 1981 Aug;16(6):1031-47. doi: 10.3109/10826088109038911.
This paper focuses on the association between a sample of inner city junior high school youths' survival orientation and their (1) environmental relationships and (2) drug use context and substance use experiences. A survival orientation index was developed based on the youths' feelings about the need to join a gang, the chances of making a "success" in life, the difficulty of getting oneself together growing up in their neighborhoods, and how hard it was to avoid getting into trouble in their neighborhoods. The findings indicate that the more the youths' feel neighborhood pressures to survive the: (1) more esteemed people who use drugs and are involved with gangs are perceived to be; (2) more often they claim to engage in street culture, gang-related spare time activities; (3) less frequently they use print media and engage in stay at home activities; (4) more frequently they indicate their friends use "hard" drugs; (5) more often they claim to being drunk or very, very high on alcohol; and (6) more often they claim to having trouble with family or friends as a result of alcohol or other drug use. In highlighting the influence of social stresses in the youth's neighborhoods on their drug-taking experiences, the findings point to the importance of developing socioculturally informed prevention thrusts to reduce the youths' drug abuse risk and to teach them how to counteract negative neighborhood pressures.
本文聚焦于市中心区初中青少年的生存取向样本与其（1）环境关系、（2）吸毒背景及物质使用经历之间的关联。基于青少年对于加入帮派的需求、人生中取得“成功”的机会、在其社区成长中振作起来的难度以及在社区中避免陷入麻烦的难易程度的感受，编制了一个生存取向指数。研究结果表明，青少年感受到的社区生存压力越大：（1）被视为吸毒且涉足帮派的受尊敬者就越多；（2）他们声称参与街头文化、与帮派相关的业余活动的频率越高；（3）他们使用印刷媒体并参与居家活动的频率越低；（4）他们表示其朋友使用“硬性”毒品的频率越高；（5）他们声称醉酒或酒精致极度兴奋的频率越高；（6）他们声称因酒精或其他药物使用而与家人或朋友产生问题的频率越高。在强调青少年社区中的社会压力对其吸毒经历的影响时，研究结果指出制定具有社会文化针对性的预防措施以降低青少年药物滥用风险并教导他们如何应对负面社区压力的重要性。
