Dembo R, Farrow D, Schmeidler J, Burgos W
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1979;6(3):313-36. doi: 10.3109/00952997909001721.
The present study examines a causal model explaining inner city youths' drug involvement using environmental variables which previously have been investigated singly or in various combinations and shown to influence drug use: the availability of drugs in the neighborhood and at school, a view of the neighborhood as tough, the esteem given to drug using, gang-involved persons by peers, friends' substance use, and participation in drug/street culture spare-time activities. The results show friends' use of alcohol and marijuana and participation in drug/street culture out-of-school activities have strong direct effects on personal drug involvement for the Black and Puerto Rican junior high school males and females who were studied; further, friends' use of alcohol and marijuana and the status peers give to drug using, gang-involved persons have respectable indirect effects on drug involvement for the four groups. In addition to these common features, a number of differences in the factors relating to drug involvement are found in the four groups. Implications of the results for alternative methods of drug abuse prevention and treatment are discussed, as is the necessity of utilizing an environmental, sociocultural view of drug use to adequately explain youth drug taking.
本研究考察了一个因果模型，该模型使用先前已单独或组合研究过且显示会影响药物使用的环境变量来解释市中心区青少年的药物涉入情况：社区和学校内毒品的可得性、将社区视为治安差的看法、同龄人对涉毒涉帮派人员的尊重程度、朋友的物质使用情况以及参与毒品/街头文化的业余活动。结果表明，对于所研究的黑人及波多黎各初中男女生而言，朋友的酒精和大麻使用以及参与毒品/街头文化校外活动对个人的药物涉入有很强的直接影响；此外，朋友的酒精和大麻使用以及同龄人对涉毒涉帮派人员的看法对这四组人群的药物涉入有显著的间接影响。除了这些共同特征外，在这四组人群中还发现了一些与药物涉入相关因素的差异。文中讨论了这些结果对药物滥用预防和治疗替代方法的启示，以及利用药物使用的环境、社会文化视角来充分解释青少年吸毒现象的必要性。
