Stallard J, Sankarankutty M, Rose G K
Rheumatol Rehabil. 1978 Nov;17(4):237-9. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/17.4.237.
Crutches can be used by patients with injuries to the lower extremities in order to perform 'swing-through' gait. Because axillary crutches have been associated with axillary artery thrombosis and crutch palsy, they have to a large extent been superseded by elbow crutches. Canadian crutches combine many of the features of axillary and elbow crutches, and a study of the three types suggests that they have advantages in terms of energy cost.
下肢受伤的患者可以使用拐杖来进行“摆过步”步态。由于腋拐与腋动脉血栓形成和拐杖麻痹有关，它们在很大程度上已被肘拐所取代。加拿大拐杖结合了腋拐和肘拐的许多特点，对这三种类型的研究表明，它们在能量消耗方面具有优势。
