Andersen R, Krohg K
Can Anaesth Soc J. 1976 Jul;23(4):366-9. doi: 10.1007/BF03005916.
The incidence of nausea in relation to pain was recorded in 104 patients after abdominal operations. Ten per cent of the patients had episodes of nausea not related to pain. One hundred and fourteen episodes of concomitant pain and nausea were recorded in 61 patients (58.6 per cent). The intravenous injection of morphine or ketobemidone relieved nausea as well as pain in 80 per cent of the episodes. Relief of pain with persistence of nausea was uncommon and if pain relief was inadequate nausea was unabated. Nausea was provoked by 3.4 per cent of the morphine injections, but all patients tolerated similar doses of morphine on other occasions without nausea. Nausea often accompanies pain in the early postoperative period and can be relieved concomitant with the pain by the intravenous use of opiates in adequate doses in a high proportion of cases.
对104例腹部手术后患者记录了恶心与疼痛相关的发生率。10%的患者出现与疼痛无关的恶心发作。61例患者（58.6%）记录到114次疼痛与恶心并存的情况。静脉注射吗啡或凯托米酮在80%的情况下能缓解恶心和疼痛。疼痛缓解但恶心持续的情况并不常见，如果疼痛缓解不充分，恶心也不会减轻。3.4%的吗啡注射引发了恶心，但所有患者在其他情况下耐受相似剂量的吗啡时并未出现恶心。恶心在术后早期常伴随疼痛，并且在高比例的病例中，通过静脉使用足够剂量的阿片类药物可在缓解疼痛的同时缓解恶心。
