Basu A, Bharati P, Mukhopadhyay B, Gupta R
Acta Anthropogenet. 1981;5(4):209-34.
The role of socioeconomic and other cultural factors as determinants of fertility change has been widely discussed, with some scholars emphasising an inverse relation between socioeconomic development and fertility, others suggesting that no such relation necessarily exists, and yet others indicating that by using data from various sources it is possible to "prove" that a given country's crude birth rate has declined, remained unchanged or increased. Demographic data are presented on age-sex structure, completed and total fertility rates, and age specific fertility rates by age cohorts of women, from several small, anthropological population units of West Bengal, India and Upper Khumbu, Nepal, exposed to various physical and cultural environmental stresses. The data show that fertility has declined in most of the populations/subpopulations studied and that the decline may, deductively, be attributed to economic development via greater family planning practices.
社会经济及其他文化因素作为生育率变化决定因素的作用已得到广泛讨论，一些学者强调社会经济发展与生育率之间存在反比关系，另一些学者则认为不一定存在这种关系，还有一些学者指出，通过使用来自各种来源的数据，可以“证明”某个特定国家的粗出生率已经下降、保持不变或上升。本文呈现了来自印度西孟加拉邦和尼泊尔上坤布的几个小型人类学人口单位的人口数据，这些单位面临各种自然和文化环境压力，数据涉及年龄性别结构、总和生育率和分年龄组生育率。数据显示，在大多数研究的人口/亚群体中生育率已经下降，并且通过推断，这种下降可能归因于通过更多计划生育措施实现的经济发展。
