Bahn C F, Sugar A
J Am Intraocul Implant Soc. 1981 Fall;7(4):351-64. doi: 10.1016/s0146-2776(81)80035-3.
The endothelium is the cellular monolayer which lines the posterior surface of the cornea. This layer is important in clinical ophthalmology because it is vital to maintenance of the transparency of the cornea and vision through its pump and barrier functions which limit the ingress of fluid into the cornea from the aqueous. When the function of the corneal endothelium becomes compromised, the corneal stroma swells as it hydrates. Subsequently, epithelial bullae form with painful recurring epithelial erosions, and finally corneal scarring and blindness result. The relatively vulnerable position of the corneal endothelium renders it susceptible to iatrogenic injury during intraocular procedures, especially IOL implantation: the poor regenerative (mitotic) capacity of the human corneal endothelium limits its ability to recover normal function once it is injured.
内皮是覆盖角膜后表面的细胞单层。这一层在临床眼科中很重要，因为它通过其泵和屏障功能对于维持角膜的透明度和视力至关重要，这些功能限制了房水进入角膜的液体量。当角膜内皮的功能受到损害时，角膜基质会因水合作用而肿胀。随后，上皮大疱形成，并伴有反复出现的疼痛性上皮糜烂，最终导致角膜瘢痕形成和失明。角膜内皮相对脆弱的位置使其在眼内手术（尤其是人工晶状体植入）期间易受医源性损伤：人类角膜内皮的再生（有丝分裂）能力较差，一旦受损，其恢复正常功能的能力有限。
