Grannum P, Bracken M, Silverman R, Hobbins J C
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1980 Jan 15;136(2):249-54. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(80)90606-7.
With ultrasound one can outline fetal kidneys and evaluate intrarenal anatomy. In an effort to determine how fetal kidney size varies with gestational age, 89 patients not at risk for fetal kidney disease and whose pregnancies resulted in a normal outcome were studied from 12 weeks until term. Kidney diameter measurements were taken and found to increase linearly until term. Kidney circumference (KC) measurements were made and compared to abdominal circumference (AC) measurements at the level of the umbilical vein by means of a KC/AC ratio. This ratio was found to remain constant throughout pregnancy (0.27 to 0.30). In addition, three patients at risk for congenital kidney disease were studied and the fetal kidneys were found to have KC/AC ratios approximately 6 S.D. (KC/AC ratio greater than or equal to 0.45) above the normal mean. The diagnosis was confirmed by autopsy in two cases. These data are presented for reference in evaluating patients in the second and third trimester whose fetuses are at risk for kidney abnormalities.
利用超声可以勾勒出胎儿肾脏的轮廓并评估肾内结构。为了确定胎儿肾脏大小如何随孕周变化，对89例无胎儿肾脏疾病风险且妊娠结局正常的患者进行了研究，研究时间从孕12周直至足月。测量了肾脏直径，发现其直至足月呈线性增加。测量了肾脏周长（KC），并通过KC/AC比值将其与脐静脉水平的腹围（AC）测量值进行比较。发现该比值在整个孕期保持恒定（0.27至0.30）。此外，对3例有先天性肾脏疾病风险的患者进行了研究，发现其胎儿肾脏的KC/AC比值比正常均值高出约6个标准差（KC/AC比值大于或等于0.45）。2例经尸检确诊。提供这些数据以供评估孕中期和孕晚期胎儿有肾脏异常风险的患者时参考。
