Spontaneous increase in erythropoietin and hematocrit value associated with transient liver enzyme abnormalities in an anephric patient undergoing hemodialysis.

An anephric patient undergoing hemodialysis experienced an increase in his hematocrit value (19 +/- 1 per cent to 31 +/- 1 per cent) as a result of increased erythropoiesis (reticulocyte count 1.8 per cent to 7.4 per cent). This increase occurred in concert with an elevation of the patient's liver enzyme levels and was maintained for four months. The hematocrit value returned to its base line only after the liver function tests showed improvement. During the period when the hematocrit value was increasing, the circulating level of erythropoietin was elavated to 71.0 mU/ml--a level higher than that seen in either anephric or nephric patients undergoing dialysis. When the hematocrit value and liver enzyme levels had returned to their base line values, the erythropoietin level was 4.3 mU/ml--a level in the range seen in anephric patients undergoing dialysis. The observations in this patient suggest that under certain circumstances, the liver can produce erythropoietin in the anephric patient; and, more importantly, that the bone marrow of at least some uremic patients is capable of responding to the endogenous erythropoietin.