Burkhalter D L, Neathery M W, Miller W J, Whitlock R H, Allen J C, Gentry R P
J Dairy Sci. 1980 Feb;63(2):269-76. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(80)82924-9.
Control (.5% chloride) or low-chloride (.038% chloride) practical diets and low-chloride (.00038% chloride) well water were fed to male Holstein calves for 7 wk. Substantial alterations in characteristics of blood associated with acid-base balance developed in those fed the low-chloride diet. Along with reduced potassium in plasma, concentrations of chloride in synovial fluid, saliva, and plasma also were reduced. Solids in plasma, blood pH, packed cell volume, carbon dioxide pressure (PCO2) in blood, and bicarbonate were increased. Most of the changes in plasma occurred within 1 wk with little change thereafter, indicating an adaptation by the calves to the low-chloride diet. The adaptation by the low-chloride calves was primarily due to a tremendous reduction in urinary chloride excretion. Change in blood factors was insufficient to cause severe alkalosis in calves. The low-chloride diet had no significant effect on sodium absorption, retention, or distribution in body fluids. Potassium in plasma and aqueous humor were reduced in calves fed the low-chloride diet, but potassium concentrations in other body fluid were not affected significantly.
给雄性荷斯坦犊牛饲喂对照（0.5%氯化物）或低氯（0.038%氯化物）实用日粮以及低氯（0.00038%氯化物）井水，持续7周。饲喂低氯日粮的犊牛出现了与酸碱平衡相关的血液特性的显著变化。随着血浆中钾含量的降低，滑液、唾液和血浆中的氯化物浓度也降低。血浆中的固体成分、血液pH值、红细胞压积、血液中的二氧化碳分压（PCO2）和碳酸氢盐含量增加。血浆中的大多数变化在1周内发生，此后变化不大，表明犊牛对低氯日粮产生了适应性。低氯犊牛的适应性主要是由于尿中氯化物排泄量大幅减少。血液因子的变化不足以导致犊牛出现严重碱中毒。低氯日粮对钠在体液中的吸收、潴留或分布没有显著影响。饲喂低氯日粮的犊牛血浆和房水中的钾含量降低，但其他体液中的钾浓度未受到显著影响。
