Rader N, Bausano M, Richards J E
Child Dev. 1980 Mar;51(1):61-8.
22 infants 6.7--12.3 months old were tested on a visual-cliff apparatus both crawling and in a walker. Experience with the walker ranged from 0.5 to 4.5 months; experience crawling from 0.1 to 4.8 months. A multivariate analysis of latencies to full support and to reach the mother showed a significant interaction between cliff side and type of locomotion. Latencies on the deep side were longer when crawling than when in the walker. Age and experience factors were examined as predictors of avoidance and nonavoidance behavior in the crawling condition. Stepwise discriminant analyses chose "age when first crawled" as the best predictor of avoidance behavior. While experience crawling was a significant predictor when entered into the analysis first, greater experience crawling predicted nonavoidance behavior. Further analysis suggests that the effect of experience was not independent of age when first crawled. These results argue for a maturation-based explanation of cliff avoidance and against an explanation in terms of reafferent information produced by experience locomoting.
对22名6.7至12.3个月大的婴儿在视觉悬崖装置上进行了测试，测试时他们分别处于爬行状态和使用学步车的状态。使用学步车的经验为0.5至4.5个月；爬行经验为0.1至4.8个月。对完全支撑和够到母亲的潜伏期进行多变量分析，结果显示悬崖侧和运动类型之间存在显著交互作用。在深侧，爬行时的潜伏期比使用学步车时长。对年龄和经验因素作为爬行状态下回避和非回避行为的预测指标进行了检验。逐步判别分析选择“首次爬行时的年龄”作为回避行为的最佳预测指标。虽然爬行经验在首先纳入分析时是一个显著的预测指标，但更多的爬行经验预测的是非回避行为。进一步分析表明，经验的影响并非独立于首次爬行时的年龄。这些结果支持基于成熟的悬崖回避解释，而反对基于运动经验产生的再传入信息的解释。
