Department of Psychology, New York University, 4 Washington Place, Room 410, New York, NY 10003, United States.
Neural Netw. 2010 Oct-Nov;23(8-9):1033-42. doi: 10.1016/j.neunet.2010.08.012. Epub 2010 Sep 6.
In uncertain situations such as descending challenging slopes, social signals from caregivers can provide infants with important information for guiding action. Previous work showed that 18-month-old walking infants use social information selectively, only when risk of falling is uncertain. Experiment 1 was designed to alter infants' region of uncertainty for walking down slopes. Slippery Teflon-soled shoes drastically impaired 18-month-olds' ability to walk down slopes compared with walking barefoot or in standard crepe-soled shoes, shifting the region of uncertainty to a shallower range of slopes. In Experiment 2, infants wore Teflon-soled shoes while walking down slopes as their mothers encouraged and discouraged them from walking. Infants relied on social information on shallow slopes, even at 0°, where the probability of walking successfully was uncertain in the Teflon-soled shoes. Findings indicate that infants' use of social information is dynamically attuned to situational factors and the state of their current abilities.
在诸如下坡等不确定的情况下，照料者的社会信号可以为婴儿提供指导行动的重要信息。先前的研究表明，18 个月大的行走婴儿会选择性地使用社会信息，仅在跌倒的风险不确定时才会这样做。实验 1 旨在改变婴儿在斜坡上行走时的不确定性区域。与赤脚或穿着标准绉胶鞋底的鞋子相比，滑溜溜的特氟龙鞋底的鞋子极大地削弱了 18 个月大的婴儿在斜坡上行走的能力，从而将不确定性区域转移到更平缓的斜坡范围。在实验 2 中，婴儿穿着特氟龙鞋底的鞋子在斜坡上行走，而他们的母亲则鼓励和劝阻他们行走。婴儿在浅坡上依赖于社会信息，即使在 0°的坡度上也是如此，在特氟龙鞋底的鞋子上，在这个坡度上成功行走的概率是不确定的。研究结果表明，婴儿对社会信息的使用是根据情境因素和他们当前能力的状态动态调整的。
