Rosenfeld D
Int J Psychoanal. 1980;61(1):71-83.
In this paper I wish to show in detail clinical material, and how by using this we investigate the semantic distortion, and the use of linguistics as applied to investigating clinical psychoanalysis. In Part IV, I am referring to Freud's patient the "Rat Man'. Compliance with the requirements of the setting, that is, being punctual, associating freely or pretending to, does not mean that many of the patients we are going to discuss here may not put the psychoanalytic setting and language to the service of secret resistances and hidden pregenital pleasure. Perhaps it would be more adequate to say, of a certain type of resistance. But as it happens in the case of my patients illustrated in Parts II and III, we must investigate the meaning of the patients distorted notion of psychoanalytic treatment. This distorted notion we call semantic distortion. Some times it is an apparent formal response which hides another secret level of using the therapist. Sometimes, the apparent formal compliance with the fundamental rule and with the setting, does not prevent the patient from using speech, tenses of verbs, tone of voice, questions, etc. with purposes which are very different from those we know of as adult communication. We are interested in investigating this use of verbal and bodily communications in the service of resistance. In many cases this resistance may be subtle, insidious or hidden, that is to say, more disguised than or different from those described by Freud in some of his first papers as resistance against speaking, evoking memories, associating: all these are easily observable signs which help the therapist to be on the alert. We are interested in exploring the communicational approach, that is, what the messages and speech modalities of the patient are, what they convey and contain.
在本文中，我希望详细展示临床素材，以及我们如何通过使用这些素材来研究语义扭曲，以及语言学在临床精神分析研究中的应用。在第四部分，我将提及弗洛伊德的病人“鼠人”。遵守治疗设置的要求，即准时、自由联想或假装自由联想，并不意味着我们将要讨论的许多病人不会将精神分析的设置和语言用于秘密抵抗和隐藏的前生殖器期快感。或许对于某类抵抗而言，这样说会更恰当。但就像在我第二部分和第三部分所列举的病人案例中那样，我们必须探究病人对精神分析治疗的扭曲观念的意义。我们将这种扭曲观念称为语义扭曲。有时它是一种表面的形式反应，隐藏着利用治疗师的另一个秘密层面。有时，表面上对基本规则和治疗设置的形式上的遵守，并不能阻止病人以与我们所知的成人交流目的截然不同的目的来使用言语、动词时态、语调、问题等。我们感兴趣的是研究这种言语和身体交流在抵抗中的应用。在许多情况下，这种抵抗可能很微妙、隐匿或隐藏，也就是说，比弗洛伊德在他早期的一些论文中所描述的抵抗说话、唤起记忆、自由联想等更具伪装性或有所不同：所有这些都是易于观察到的迹象，有助于治疗师保持警觉。我们感兴趣的是探索交流方式，即病人的信息和言语模式是什么，它们传达和包含了什么。
