Stern G S, Miller C R, Ewy H W, Grant P S
Biofeedback Self Regul. 1980 Mar;5(1):37-49. doi: 10.1007/BF00999062.
The present investigation tested the hypothesis that perceived control reduces reported symptom incidence for individuals with stressful life events. Subjects (undergraduate psychology students from an urban university) were divided into two groups, high and low in stress, based on their life change unit scores as measured by the Schedule of Recent Events (Holmes & Rahe, 1967). Subjects participated in a study in which they attempted to reduce pulse rate (PR) and were informed of their successes (i.e., PR reductions) through bogus feedback. High and low stress subjects were assigned randomly to one of the following conditions: bogus ascending success feedback (AS), wherein successes were concentrated more in the later stage of a PR reduction period; bogus equally distributed success feedback (EDS), wherein successes were equally distributed in the early and later stages of a PR reduction period; or no feedback (NF). The study consisted of three sessions held on 3 consecutive days. Each session consisted of a 3-minute baseline (nonfeedback) period followed by a 10-minute PR reduction period. Self-reports on 13 symptom items were measured 2 weeks before the study (pretest), after the final session of the study (posttest), and 3 weeks after the study (follow-up). Results indicated that on 5 of the 13 symptom items, the AS condition produced a significant reduction in reported symptom incidence for high-stress subjects only, and this effect was maintained for 3 weeks after the experiment. Results are discussed in terms of the effect perceived control may have on perceptions of physical health. Suggestions are made regarding the use of biofeedback treatment as a method by which perceptions of symptom distress may be reduced for individuals exposed to cumulative stressful experiences.
对于经历压力性生活事件的个体而言，感知到的控制感会降低所报告的症状发生率。研究对象（来自一所城市大学的本科心理学专业学生）根据其近期生活事件量表（霍姆斯和拉赫，1967年）所测得的生活变化单位得分，被分为高压力组和低压力组。研究对象参与了一项试图降低脉搏率（PR）的研究，并通过虚假反馈得知自己的成功（即PR降低）情况。高压力组和低压力组的研究对象被随机分配到以下条件之一：虚假上升成功反馈（AS），即成功更多地集中在PR降低期的后期；虚假均匀分布成功反馈（EDS），即成功在PR降低期的早期和后期均匀分布；或无反馈（NF）。该研究包括连续三天进行的三个阶段。每个阶段包括一个3分钟的基线（无反馈）期，随后是一个10分钟的PR降低期。在研究前两周（预测试）、研究最后阶段后（后测试）以及研究后三周（随访）测量了13个症状项目的自我报告。结果表明，在13个症状项目中的5个项目上，AS条件仅使高压力组研究对象所报告的症状发生率显著降低，且这一效果在实验后持续了3周。从感知到的控制感可能对身体健康认知产生的影响方面对结果进行了讨论。针对将生物反馈治疗作为一种可降低经历累积压力性经历个体的症状困扰认知的方法提出了建议。
