Bamgbose O, Edwards D, Johnson S
J Clin Psychol. 1980 Apr;36(2):605-9. doi: 10.1002/jclp.6120360238.
Asked 61 male clinical psychologists (21 blacks and 40 whites) to assess case histories that were presented to them to determine whether racial or social class biases could be detected. In order to avoid the apparent artificial results or weak interpretations of past research, only cases with concurrently validated diagnoses and 4-year follow-up were used. An equal number of positive and negative clinical outcomes were included. Diagnosis, disposition, and rated severity were studied. The following results were found: (1) diagnosis for all psychologists was guided by case characteristics, not bias; (2) severity was related strongly to diagnosis; (3) disposition followed judgments of severity and diagnosis, not bias. The question was raised whether clinical investigators may not have overdramatized bias in psychodiagnosis and clinical judgment.
研究人员邀请了61名男性临床心理学家（21名黑人，40名白人）对呈递给他们的病历进行评估，以确定是否能发现种族或社会阶层偏见。为避免出现以往研究中明显的人为结果或无力的解释，研究仅采用了具有同时期有效诊断和4年随访数据的病例。纳入的阳性和阴性临床结果数量相等。对诊断、处置方式和评定的严重程度进行了研究。结果如下：（1）所有心理学家的诊断均受病例特征而非偏见的引导；（2）严重程度与诊断密切相关；（3）处置方式遵循严重程度和诊断的判断，而非偏见。由此引发了一个问题，即临床研究人员在心理诊断和临床判断中是否可能过度夸大了偏见。
