Rapoport S I, Fredericks W R, Ohno K, Pettigrew K D
Am J Physiol. 1980 May;238(5):R421-31. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.1980.238.5.R421.
Retrograde infusion of a hypertonic arabinose solution into the right external carotid artery of rats reversibly increases cerebrovascular permeability to [14C]sucrose in the right cerebral hemisphere. PA ([14C]sucrose permeability x capillary surface area) rises from a control mean of 11 x 10(-6) S-1 to above 200 x 10(-6) S-1. The rise correlates with an increased staining of the brain by intravascular Evans blue, and is followed by a transient, 1-1.5% increase in brain water content. At least 20 s of infusion is required for 1.6 M arabinose solution to effectively open the blood-brain barrier. The increase in cerebrovascular permeability is temporary, however, because PA remains slightly elevated 1-2 h after infusion and is normal 6 h after infusion. It is suggested that osmotic barrier opening is mediated by cerebrovascular dilatation as well as by shrinkage of the vascular endothelium. By quantitatively defining thresholds of infusate concentration and infusion time for osmotic barrier opening, and by characterizing the time course of increased PA, the experiments establish criteria for applying the osmotic method to experimental pharmacology of the central nervous system.
向大鼠右侧颈外动脉逆行输注高渗阿拉伯糖溶液，可使右侧大脑半球脑血管对[14C]蔗糖的通透性可逆性增加。PA（[14C]蔗糖通透性×毛细血管表面积）从对照平均值11×10(-6) S-1升至200×10(-6) S-1以上。这种升高与血管内伊文思蓝对脑的染色增加相关，并伴有脑含水量短暂增加1-1.5%。1.6 M阿拉伯糖溶液有效打开血脑屏障至少需要输注20秒。然而，脑血管通透性的增加是暂时的，因为输注后1-2小时PA仍略有升高，而输注后6小时则恢复正常。提示渗透屏障开放是由脑血管扩张以及血管内皮细胞收缩介导的。通过定量确定渗透屏障开放的输注液浓度和输注时间阈值，并描述PA增加的时间进程，这些实验建立了将渗透方法应用于中枢神经系统实验药理学的标准。
