Blumhagen J D, Wesenberg R L, Brooks J G, Cotton E K
Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1980 Jul;19(7):480-4. doi: 10.1177/000992288001900708.
The diagnosis of foreign body aspiration into the lower airway depends primarily on the radiographic demonstration of partial bronchial obstruction causing localized air trapping or atelectasis, present in 95 per cent of the cases. Endotracheal foreign bodies may often be visualized directly on high kilovoltage radiographs of the airway of the airway or by fluoroscopy. In three of the four cases presented in this report, radiologic evaluation was normal, but endotracheal foreign bodies were subsequently demonstrated endoscopically. Foreign objects may remain in the trachea for prolonged periods of time, causing persistent coughing, wheezing, or stridor. When there is a clear history or strong suspicion of foreign body aspiration in a patient with persistent symptoms, bronchoscopy should be used for diagnosis and treatment.
下气道异物吸入的诊断主要依赖于X线片显示部分支气管阻塞导致局限性气体潴留或肺不张，95%的病例中会出现这种情况。气管内异物通常可直接在气道的高千伏X线片上或通过荧光镜检查看到。本报告中呈现的4例病例中有3例，放射学评估正常，但随后经内镜证实存在气管内异物。异物可能在气管内停留较长时间，导致持续性咳嗽、喘息或喘鸣。当有明确病史或高度怀疑有异物吸入且患者症状持续时，应使用支气管镜进行诊断和治疗。
