Blois M S
N Engl J Med. 1980 Jul 24;303(4):192-7. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198007243030405.
The increasingly frequent application of formal methods, including algorithms and computer programs, to processes that are ordinarily viewed as judgmental seems to be a source of both promise and unease for physicians. A consideration of some of these methods suggests that it may be helpful to attempt to distinguish carefully between judgment and computation. Medical care involves a complex of inferential processes, any of which may be performed as judgments, and some of which may be carried out as a computation. My purpose here is to identify the latter cases. The empirical evidence suggests that such a demarcation is feasible. The most important question appears not to be "Where can we use computers?" but "Where must we use human beings?" Until this matter is more thoroughly explored, tension between physicians and computer advocates will persist.
形式化方法，包括算法和计算机程序，越来越频繁地应用于通常被视为需要判断的过程，这似乎给医生带来了希望和不安。对其中一些方法的思考表明，试图仔细区分判断和计算可能会有所帮助。医疗保健涉及一系列复杂的推理过程，其中任何一个过程都可以作为判断来执行，而其中一些过程可以作为计算来进行。我这里的目的是识别后一种情况。经验证据表明，这样的划分是可行的。最重要的问题似乎不是“我们在哪里可以使用计算机？”，而是“我们在哪里必须使用人类？”在这个问题得到更深入的探讨之前，医生和计算机倡导者之间的紧张关系将持续存在。
