Nelson-Jones R, Coxhead P
Br J Med Psychol. 1980 Jun;53(2):169-80. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8341.1980.tb01433.x.
The first part of this research, a questionnaire study on 260 single British males, found neuroticism to be inversely related to need for social approval, thus raising an issue about the validity of the EPI-N scale. From the second part, a laboratory study with 48 subjects selected by the questionnaire study, there were four main findings: (1) an earlier finding, that most subjects tended in the direction of a double standard in which they anticipated more risk stemming from their own than from their friend's negative self-disclosures, was replicated highly significantly; (2) neuroticism was not associated significantly with differences in anticipated reactions for either negative or positive self-disclosures; (3) there was a large and highly significant main effect for order, with those subjects who first rated their own reactions to their friend's negative self-disclosures anticipating being esteemed less negatively than those who first rated their friend's reactions to their own negative self-disclosures; and (4) there were significant differences for some characteristics between self-attribution and friend's attribution after negative self-disclosure. Practical implications of the above findings are explored.
本研究的第一部分是对260名单身英国男性进行问卷调查，结果发现神经质与社会认可需求呈负相关，从而引发了关于艾森克人格问卷神经质分量表（EPI-N）效度的问题。在第二部分中，对通过问卷调查挑选出的48名受试者进行了实验室研究，主要有四项发现：（1）一项早期研究结果得到了高度显著的重复，即大多数受试者倾向于双重标准，他们预期自己负面的自我表露所带来的风险要高于朋友负面的自我表露；（2）神经质与负面或正面自我表露预期反应的差异没有显著关联；（3）顺序产生了很大且高度显著的主效应，那些先对朋友负面自我表露后的自身反应进行评分的受试者，预期得到的负面评价要低于那些先对自己负面自我表露后朋友反应进行评分的受试者；（4）负面自我表露后，自我归因和朋友归因在某些特征上存在显著差异。文中探讨了上述发现的实际意义。
