Kanner A D, Kafry D, Pines A
J Human Stress. 1978 Dec;4(4):33-9. doi: 10.1080/0097840x.1978.10545984.
Sress research has concentrated on the presence of negative conditions as a source of stress and largely has ignored stress reactions that result from a lack of positive conditions. In an attempt to demonstrate the seriousness of this omission of stress theory, for samples of students (N = 84) and professionals (N = 205) the presence of negative and absence of positive life and work features were each related to the experiences of life and work tedium and satisfaction/dissatisfaction. Two hypotheses were proposed: that the presence of negative and lack of positive life and work features are (1) both significantly related to tedium and satisfaction/dissatisfaction and (2) are independent of each other. The hypotheses were confirmed for both samples except in the case of work satisfaction/dissatisfaction, which was related only to the lack of positive features. These results highlight the need in stress research to consider lack of positive conditions as a source of stress.
压力研究主要关注负面状况作为压力源的存在，而在很大程度上忽视了因缺乏积极状况而产生的压力反应。为了证明压力理论中这一疏漏的严重性，针对学生样本（N = 84）和专业人士样本（N = 205），分别研究了负面生活和工作特征的存在以及积极生活和工作特征的缺失与生活和工作乏味感以及满意度/不满意度之间的关系。提出了两个假设：一是负面生活和工作特征的存在以及积极生活和工作特征的缺失（1）都与乏味感以及满意度/不满意度显著相关，（2）且彼此独立。除了工作满意度/不满意度仅与积极特征的缺失有关外，两个样本的假设均得到证实。这些结果凸显了在压力研究中需要将缺乏积极状况视为压力源。
