Klein A R, Bates J E
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1980 Jun;8(2):201-12. doi: 10.1007/BF00919064.
Relationships between gender choices and both movement patterns and social behavior were studied in first- and second-grade boys. Three-child, structured play groups were each composed of a boy whose mother saw him as high masculine in play preference on the Games Inventory, one seen as average, and one low masculine. Behaviors rated from videotapes included gender presentation variables, (e.g., leg separation), indicators of dominance and personal comfort (e.g., range of movements), and indicators of social skill and peer response (e.g., interaction initiations). The low masculine boys were found to be the most feminine in their gender presentation, least dominant and aggressive, and the lest socially successful of the boys. The greatest difference was between the low and the high masculine boys. The average masculine boys' scores were generally intermediate, but more similar to the low masculine boys on some variables and more similar to the high masculine boys on others. These conclusions apply to a grou interaction play task, but not to an initial noninteractive play task. A secondary study in which girls played with low and average masculine boys is also reported. Here it was found that low masculine boys were generally intermediate between average boys and girls on gender presentation and dominance variables, but lowest of the groups on social interaction variables.
研究了一年级和二年级男孩的性别选择与运动模式及社会行为之间的关系。三人一组的结构化游戏小组中，每个小组都由一名母亲在游戏偏好量表上认为其游戏偏好高度男性化的男孩、一名被认为是中等程度的男孩和一名男性化程度低的男孩组成。从录像带中评定的行为包括性别表现变量（如双腿分开）、支配地位和个人舒适度指标（如动作范围）以及社交技能和同伴反应指标（如互动发起）。结果发现，男性化程度低的男孩在性别表现上最具女性化特征，最不具支配性和攻击性，在社交方面也是最不成功的。差异最大的是男性化程度低的男孩和高度男性化的男孩。男性化程度中等的男孩得分总体处于中间水平，但在某些变量上更接近男性化程度低的男孩，在其他变量上更接近高度男性化的男孩。这些结论适用于群体互动游戏任务，但不适用于最初的非互动游戏任务。还报告了一项针对女孩与男性化程度低和中等的男孩一起玩耍的次要研究。结果发现，男性化程度低的男孩在性别表现和支配地位变量上总体介于普通男孩和女孩之间，但在社交互动变量上是所有组中最低的。
