Muñoz S, Muñoz H, Zambrano F
Mayo Clin Proc. 1980 Oct;55(10):623-32.
Distribution of blood pressure values, prevalence of levels potentially predictive of hypertension in adulthood, and correlations with othe variables were studied in a sample of 2,809 children (1,392 boys and 1,417 girls) 6 to 15 years of age in Caracas, Venezuela. The mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressures increased steadily with age in both sexes and were significantly higher in girls. The prevalence of high blood pressure readings was 10.2%-7.0% in boys and 13.3% in girls, a significant differnce. It was significantly higher in obese (7.6%) than in nonobese (3.8%) children. No significant differences in blood pressures were found among 1,580 mestizo, white, and black children. Partial correlation studies showed a determinant influence of weight in the correlation of blood pressure with height; the correlation with weight remained high after removal of the influence of height and age. At repeat examination 12 to 18 months later, 36% of the children who had a high blood pressure reading continued to have high values. Fifty-eight percent of them had one or both parents or one or more siblings (or both) who had hypertension.
在委内瑞拉加拉加斯，对2809名6至15岁的儿童（1392名男孩和1417名女孩）进行了研究，分析了血压值的分布、成年期潜在高血压预测水平的患病率以及与其他变量的相关性。男女的收缩压和舒张压平均值均随年龄稳步上升，且女孩的血压值显著更高。男孩高血压读数的患病率为10.2%-7.0%，女孩为13.3%，存在显著差异。肥胖儿童（7.6%）的患病率显著高于非肥胖儿童（3.8%）。在1580名混血、白人和黑人儿童中，血压未发现显著差异。偏相关研究表明，体重在血压与身高的相关性中具有决定性影响；在去除身高和年龄的影响后，与体重的相关性仍然很高。在12至18个月后的复查中，高血压读数的儿童中有36%仍然血压高。其中58%的人有一位或两位父母或一位或多位兄弟姐妹（或两者都有）患有高血压。
