Grana W A, Rashkin A
Am J Sports Med. 1980 Sep-Oct;8(5):333-6. doi: 10.1177/036354658000800507.
Intraarticular and periarticular changes of the elbow secondary to the throwing motion have been documented in pitchers of all ages, Although others have focused attention on children, this study evaluates a group of 73 older pitchers (average age 17 years). Forty-two (58%) players reported pain while throwing at the time of evaluation (before interscholastic play) or developed pain during the season. However, only four (5%) missed one or more pitching rotations. No significant relationships were found between occurrence of symptoms and number of seasons played, individual pitching traits, asymmetry on physical examination, or asymmetry on radiographic evaluation of the elbow. In the symptomatic group there tended to be a slightly greater number of seasons' experience (average 7.8 seasons vs. 6.0 seasons) and more players with asymmetry upon physical examination. We believe this study supports the concept that increasing age and exposure, along with other factors as yet unquantitated, may determine the occurrence of symptoms in pitchers.
各个年龄段的投手都会出现因投球动作导致的肘关节关节内和关节周围的变化。虽然其他人将注意力集中在儿童身上，但本研究评估了一组73名年龄较大的投手（平均年龄17岁）。42名（58%）球员在评估时（校际比赛前）投球时报告疼痛，或在赛季中出现疼痛。然而，只有四名（5%）球员错过了一次或多次投球轮次。在症状的出现与赛季数、个人投球特点、体格检查的不对称性或肘关节影像学评估的不对称性之间未发现显著关系。在有症状的组中，赛季经验数量往往略多（平均7.8个赛季对6.0个赛季），且体格检查时有更多不对称的球员。我们认为本研究支持这样一种观点，即年龄增长和投球经历增加，以及其他尚未量化的因素，可能决定投手中症状的出现。
