Gruzelier J H, Hammond N V
Biol Psychiatry. 1980 Oct;15(5):759-79.
Recall of dichotically presented digit strings was compared between normal controls and 18 chronic schizophrenic patients tested over 12 weeks on chlorpromazine, placebo, and chlorpromazine reinstatement. Patients were subgrouped according to (i) arousal as indexed by orienting responses in a tone-habituation sequence and (ii) paranoid diagnosis. Digits were of equal intensity or differed by 20 dB between the ears and were reported in any order or one ear before the other. Overall, patients performed as well as controls and withdrawal or reinstatement of drug did not reduce accuracy. Patient-control differences occurred when the louder digits were to be reported second and left-hemisphere inhibitory mechanisms were involved, especially when patients were on chlorpromazine. Some lateralized differences in serial position effects found only in patients were interpreted as reflecting left-hemisphere processing impairments. The more aroused patients showed poorer accuracy than the less aroused group due to reduced recall in the left ear. Paranoid patients had superior recall and showed less shifting of attention away from the right ear than nonparanoids. The results are discussed in the context of neurophysiological theories of brain disturbance in schizophrenia.
对正常对照组和18名慢性精神分裂症患者进行了比较，这些患者在12周内接受了氯丙嗪、安慰剂和氯丙嗪恢复治疗，期间对两耳分听呈现的数字串进行回忆测试。患者根据以下因素进行亚组划分：(i) 通过音调习惯化序列中的定向反应所索引的唤醒程度，以及(ii) 偏执型诊断。数字在两耳的强度相等或相差20分贝，且可按任意顺序报告或先报告一只耳朵再报告另一只耳朵。总体而言，患者的表现与对照组相当，药物的撤药或恢复用药并未降低准确性。当需要第二次报告较响的数字且涉及左半球抑制机制时，患者与对照组之间出现了差异，尤其是当患者服用氯丙嗪时。仅在患者中发现的一些序列位置效应的侧化差异被解释为反映了左半球加工障碍。由于左耳回忆减少，唤醒程度较高的患者比唤醒程度较低的组表现出更差的准确性。偏执型患者的回忆能力更强，并且与非偏执型患者相比，他们从右耳转移注意力的情况更少。本文在精神分裂症脑功能障碍的神经生理学理论背景下对结果进行了讨论。
