Lewis F R, Trunkey D D, Steele M R
J Trauma. 1980 Oct;20(10):861-6. doi: 10.1097/00005373-198010000-00007.
On 21 May 1975 a chartered bus carrying 51 members of a student choir rolled from a sharply curved freeway off-ramp and fell 22 feet, landing on its roof, which collapsed. Twenty-nine passengers died (25 before extrication) and 22, plus the driver, survived. An analysis of factors leading up to the accident reveals several contributing causes, among them inadequate design of the ramp, poor warning signs, driver inexperience with the bus, and deficient bus maintenance. Bus design itself contributed to the lethality of the event. Structural support for the roof was inadequate and no access was available to the interior for extrication of victims. Problems with organization at the scene, triage, and communications among agencies involved in the rescue and receiving hospitals contributed to confusion in the transport of victims, although it appears this had little impact on outcome. An analysis of the accident allows several lessons to be learned which might prevent, or reduce, the fatalities from future accidents involving multipassenger vehicles, and other disasters with 10 to 25, or more than 25 fatalities. In the present report ten of 25 killed were judged possibly salvageable with immediate extrication.
1975年5月21日，一辆载有51名学生合唱团成员的包车从一段弯道很急的高速公路出口匝道冲出，坠下22英尺，车顶着地并坍塌。29名乘客死亡（25人在救出前死亡），22名乘客以及司机幸存。对事故成因的分析揭示了几个促成因素，其中包括匝道设计不当、警示标志不佳、司机对巴士不熟悉以及巴士维护不足。巴士设计本身也增加了事故的致命性。车顶的结构支撑不足，车内没有通道可供救援人员解救受害者。事故现场的组织、伤员分类以及参与救援的机构和接收医院之间的沟通存在问题，导致受害者转运过程中出现混乱，不过这似乎对结果影响不大。对该事故的分析可以吸取一些教训，这些教训可能有助于预防或减少未来涉及多乘客车辆事故以及造成10至25人或超过25人死亡的其他灾难的死亡人数。在本报告中，25名遇难者中有10人被判定如果能立即救出有可能获救。
