Kass L R
JAMA. 1980 Oct 17;244(16):1811-6.
Physicians must continue to rely on their own powers of discernment and prudent judgment and not look to external "expert" guidance or expect simple solutions in facing the myriad ethical dilemmas in caring for the ill. Their ability to exercise the requisite virtues in particular cases requires, however, greater self-consciousness and thoughtfulness about the nature and purpose of medicine, including such questions as the following: Who and what is the physician? Whom and what does he serve? What is his relation to his patient and society? In exploring these questions, this article discusses how and why the medical profession's perception of its ethical dilemmas may differ from that of the broader American society and how physicians must respond to protect and preserve the integrity of their profession.
医生必须继续依靠自身的洞察力和审慎的判断力，在照顾病人时面对无数伦理困境时，不要指望外部的“专家”指导或简单的解决方案。然而，他们在特定情况下践行必要美德的能力，需要对医学的本质和目的有更强的自我意识和深入思考，包括以下这类问题：医生是谁？做什么？他服务于谁？服务什么？他与患者及社会的关系是怎样的？在探讨这些问题时，本文讨论了医学专业对其伦理困境的认知与更广泛的美国社会的认知可能存在哪些不同，以及医生必须如何应对以保护和维护其职业的完整性。
