Valaes T, Kipouros K, Petmezaki S, Solman M, Doxiadis S A
Pediatr Res. 1980 Aug;14(8):947-52. doi: 10.1203/00006450-198008000-00011.
The effect of 100 mg of phenobarbital (PB) at bedtime for the last few wk of pregnancy on the incidence and severity of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia was studied. No effect was observed in the newborns of mothers who took less than ten tablets. In the 1310 newborns of adequately treated mothers (PB greater than or equal to 1.0 g), the incidence of marked jaundice (bilirubin > 16.0 mg/dl) and the need to perform an exchange transfusion were reduced by a factor of six in relation to the incidence in 1553 control infants. A randomly selected group of 415 children (182 control, 233 PB) were reexamined at 61 to 82 months of age. There was no difference in the overall morbidity and mortality between the control and treatment group. A detailed neurologic assessment failed to reveal any differences between the two groups. In the VisuoMotor Integration test, the PB group scored significantly better than the control group. In the Draw-A-Woman and the Verbal Intelligence Test, the difference was in the same direction but was not statistically significant. The degree of jaundice was not found to significantly influence the performance in the neurological examination and the intelligence tests. Sensorineural hearing defect was significantly more common in the children with moderate or marked jaundice (bilirubin > 12 mg/dl) than in those with lesser degrees of jaundice. Prenatal PB is a practical, effective, and safe method for decreasing the incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
研究了在妊娠最后几周睡前服用100毫克苯巴比妥（PB）对新生儿高胆红素血症发病率和严重程度的影响。服用少于十片药物的母亲所生新生儿未观察到影响。在接受充分治疗的母亲（PB≥1.0克）所生的1310名新生儿中，与1553名对照婴儿相比，明显黄疸（胆红素>16.0毫克/分升）的发病率和进行换血治疗的需求降低了六倍。随机选择一组415名儿童（182名对照，233名PB组）在61至82个月大时进行复查。对照组和治疗组在总体发病率和死亡率方面没有差异。详细的神经学评估未能揭示两组之间的任何差异。在视觉运动整合测试中，PB组得分明显高于对照组。在画女人和语言智力测试中，差异方向相同但无统计学意义。未发现黄疸程度对神经学检查和智力测试表现有显著影响。中度或明显黄疸（胆红素>12毫克/分升）的儿童感音神经性听力缺陷明显比黄疸程度较轻的儿童更常见。产前使用PB是降低新生儿高胆红素血症发病率的一种实用、有效且安全的方法。
