Chenoweth P J, Osborne H G
Aust Vet J. 1978 Oct;54(10):463-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1978.tb00285.x.
A total of 702 examinations were conducted on young (16 to 31 months) beef bulls of 3 breeds and 3 breed crosses (Brahman cross--100; Africander cross--93; Shorthorn cross--109; Brahman--81; Africander--89, and Hereford--230). A high occurrence of both increased size (overall 11.7%) and consistency (overall 40.2%) of seminal vesicles was observed. The Hereford breed had most enlarged (19.1%, P less than .01) and firm (20.9%, P less than .01) seminal vesicles. The significance of these findings is discussed. Testicular hypoplasia was diagnosed in 2.7% of examinations. The Brahman breed had most testicular hypoplasia (8.6%, P less than .01). The implications of this finding are discussed and the need is stressed for a wider investigation of gonad development in the Brahman breed in Australia. Other findings included: small seminal vesicles in 1.6% of examinations (Brahman breed highest with 8.6%, P less than .001), enlarged ampullae, 1.9%, 'soft' testicles, 3.4% and small testicles, 7.5%. Abnormal carriage of the testicles was detected in 0.3% of examinations. Ulceration of the prepuce was observed in 6.8% of examinations. The highest occurrences were in the SH (13.8%, P less than .01) and Africander (13.5%, P less than .05) breed groups. Varying degrees of preputial eversion or prolapse were seen in 0.7% of examinations with the Bx breed group having highest representation (3.0%, P less than .05).
对3个品种及3个杂交品种（婆罗门杂交种——100头；非洲瘤牛杂交种——93头；短角牛杂交种——109头；婆罗门牛——81头；非洲瘤牛——89头，海福特牛——230头）的年轻（16至31月龄）肉用公牛共进行了702次检查。观察到精囊增大（总体发生率11.7%）和坚实（总体发生率40.2%）的情况很常见。海福特品种的精囊增大（19.1%，P<0.01）和坚实（20.9%，P<0.01）的比例最高。讨论了这些发现的意义。在2.7%的检查中诊断出睾丸发育不全。婆罗门品种的睾丸发育不全比例最高（8.6%，P<0.01）。讨论了这一发现的影响，并强调需要对澳大利亚婆罗门品种的性腺发育进行更广泛的研究。其他发现包括：1.6%的检查中精囊较小（婆罗门品种最高，为8.6%，P<0.001），壶腹增大1.9%，“柔软”睾丸3.4%，小睾丸7.5%。在0.3%的检查中检测到睾丸异常携带。在6.8%的检查中观察到包皮溃疡。最高发生率出现在短角牛杂交种（13.8%，P<0.01）和非洲瘤牛（13.5%，P<0.05）品种组中。在0.7%的检查中发现了不同程度的包皮外翻或脱垂，其中杂交品种组的比例最高（3.0%，P<0.05）。
