Saunders P J, Ladds P W
Aust Vet J. 1978 Jan;54(1):10-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1978.tb00261.x.
The genital tracts of 968 slaughtered bulls (46% of which were young post-puberal animals) were examined for defects of a congenital or developmental nature. The overall occurrence of such lesions was 7%. These comprised persistent penile frenulum (0.5%), hypospadias (0.3%), detached urethral process (0.4%), testicular hypoplasia (0.2%), cryptorchidism (0.6%), mesonephric duct abnormalities (1.1%) and bulbourethral cysts, fusion and aplasia (3.6%). Segmental aplasia of the mesonephric duct, not previously recorded in the study area, was found in 4 Shorthorn bulls (0.4%); 2 affected animals were from one herd. In 3 cases of hypospadias (2 from one herd), the urethra communicated with the ventral surface of the penis at the junction of the body and glans through a slit-like orifice. The occurrence of defects observed was generally comparable to that found in bull populations elsewhere but elevated occurrence of several defects in particular herds emphasized the need for further study.
对968头屠宰公牛的生殖道进行了检查，以查找先天性或发育性缺陷（其中46%为青春期后的年轻公牛）。此类病变的总体发生率为7%。这些病变包括持续性阴茎系带（0.5%）、尿道下裂（0.3%）、尿道突分离（0.4%）、睾丸发育不全（0.2%）、隐睾症（0.6%）、中肾管异常（1.1%）以及尿道球腺囊肿、融合和发育不全（3.6%）。在4头短角公牛（0.4%）中发现了中肾管节段性发育不全，此前在研究区域未记录到；2头患病动物来自同一牛群。在3例尿道下裂病例中（2例来自同一牛群），尿道在阴茎体与龟头交界处通过一个裂隙状孔口与阴茎腹侧相通。观察到的缺陷发生率总体上与其他地方公牛群体中发现的情况相当，但特定牛群中几种缺陷的发生率升高，这强调了进一步研究的必要性。
