Sherman J E, Goulian D
Plast Reconstr Surg. 1980 Nov;66(5):756-9. doi: 10.1097/00006534-198011000-00016.
Developmental growth toward, and fusion at, the midline of the paired first branchial arches results in normal mandibular integrity. Failure of this process is the cause of midline mandibular clefts and associated clefts of the lower lip and anterior tongue. A case is presented with these findings, complicated by the presence of a single ventricle and transposition of the great vessels. A successful one-stage repair of the clefts of the lower lip, tongue, and mandible was performed.