Radostits O M, Acres S D
Can Vet J. 1980 Sep;21(9):243-9.
It is frequently evident that outbreaks of diarrhea occur in spite of apparent "good management" and "good calving conditions". This observation underlies the fact that we still do not understand many of the epidemiological factors which contribute to calf diarrhea outbreaks. For example, we still lack biological criteria by which to judge the degree of crowding and the degree of stress. Nevertheless, application of the principles described above will prevent or decrease the severity of many annual epidemics. To be successful, a program of prevention and control should be discussed with producers long before the calving season, preferably during the preceding summer or fall. Implementation of a complete program may take several calving seasons and producers should be made aware that prevention by improved management is an on-going, evolutionary process. More and improved vaccines are becoming available; however, as is the case with most biologicals, their impact cannot be determined until after they have been used for several years. They should be recognized as only one of several managent tools at the disposal of the veterinarian and livestock producer.
尽管有明显的“良好管理”和“良好产犊条件”，腹泻疫情仍频繁发生，这一点屡见不鲜。这一观察结果表明，我们仍不了解许多导致犊牛腹泻疫情的流行病学因素。例如，我们仍然缺乏用以判断拥挤程度和应激程度的生物学标准。然而，应用上述原则将预防或减轻许多年度疫情的严重程度。要取得成功，预防和控制计划应在产犊季节之前很久，最好是在前一年的夏季或秋季，就与生产者进行讨论。完整计划的实施可能需要几个产犊季节，并且应让生产者意识到，通过改进管理进行预防是一个持续的、渐进的过程。越来越多且质量更好的疫苗可供使用；然而，与大多数生物制品一样，其影响要在使用数年之后才能确定。应认识到它们只是兽医和畜牧生产者可使用的多种管理工具之一。
