Noë R, de Waal F B, van Hooff J A
Folia Primatol (Basel). 1980;34(1-2):90-110. doi: 10.1159/000155949.
This study examines to what extent the concept of dominance can be used to describe the social structure of a group of semi-free-living chimpanzees. 15 behavioural variables, based on agonistic, competitive and affinitive behaviour patterns, have been compared with respect to the interindividual directions in which they occurred. In this analysis use was made of indices that reflect the position an individual occupies in the relationship structure. These indices were calculated per individual for all variables and subjected to factor analysis and cluster analysis. As a result, 13 of the variables could be grouped in three categories which have been labelled: (1) agonistic dominance; (2) bluff dominance, and (3) competitive dominance. Whereas the top positions in the hierarchies based on the first two closely related types of dominance were occupied by the adult males, the hierarchy based on the third type was headed by several adult females.
本研究探讨了支配概念在多大程度上可用于描述一群半自由生活的黑猩猩的社会结构。基于争斗、竞争和亲和行为模式的15个行为变量，已就其发生的个体间方向进行了比较。在该分析中，使用了反映个体在关系结构中所处位置的指标。针对所有变量为每个个体计算这些指标，并进行因子分析和聚类分析。结果，13个变量可分为三类，分别标记为：(1) 争斗性支配；(2) 虚张声势性支配，以及(3) 竞争性支配。在前两种密切相关的支配类型所形成的等级制度中，处于最高地位的是成年雄性，而基于第三种类型的等级制度则由几只成年雌性领头。
