Parkin A
Int J Psychoanal. 1980;61(3):307-14.
Freud rested his final understanding of moral masochism (the masochistic character) upon the concept of the death-instinct. Those analysts who have been unable to accept this concept have continued to define and enrich the understanding of the masochistic character. Out of their work has emerged the picture of a character structured in three discernible layers: an upper one of "nobility in adversity": a middle one of hate toward the mother; and the deepest one of primary union with the mother to which a later return is made. An abbreviated account of an analysis is given to exemplify this structure. An understanding of the relation between the deepest layers is essential to a comprehension of the total structure. Out of a primary maternal union accompanied by experiences of omnipotence and grandiosity emerges an ambivalent relationship to the omnipotent mother characterized primarily by hate. The relationship to the mother is one of masochistic enthralment. The lost omnipotence is then recaptured by a union mystica (primary identification) with the hating and hated mother now internalized as an aggressive self-ideal in which phallic characteristics become prominent. The unio mystica may be momentary and orgasmic as in the masochistic perversion or more or less enduring and characterological as in the masochistic character to which it contributes traits of haughtiness and disdain.
弗洛伊德将他对道德受虐狂（受虐性格）的最终理解建立在死亡本能的概念之上。那些无法接受这一概念的分析师继续界定并丰富了对受虐性格的理解。从他们的工作中浮现出了一个具有三个可辨层次结构的性格形象：上层是“身处逆境的高尚”；中层是对母亲的仇恨；最底层是与母亲的原始融合以及之后的回归。给出了一个分析案例的简要说明以例证这种结构。理解最深层之间的关系对于理解整个结构至关重要。从伴有全能感和夸大感体验的原始母婴融合中产生了一种对全能母亲的矛盾关系，其主要特征是仇恨。与母亲的关系是一种受虐性的着迷。然后，通过与现在内化成为一种具有突出阴茎特征的攻击性自我理想的、既恨又被恨的母亲的神秘结合（原始认同），失去的全能感得以重新获得。这种神秘结合在受虐癖中可能是短暂且具有性高潮的，而在受虐性格中则或多或少是持久且具有性格特征的，它赋予受虐性格傲慢和轻蔑的特质。
