Krantz D S, Baum A, Wideman M v
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1980 Nov;39(5):977-90. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.39.5.977.
It has been assumed that it is beneficial for patients to become active and informed participants in health care. Previous research, however, suggests that individuals differ in their receptiveness to information and self-care in treatment stiuations. This article reports the development and validation of the Krantz Health Opinion Survey, a measure of preferences for different treatment approaches. This measure yields a total score and two relatively independent subscales that measure, respectively, preferences for information and for behavioral involvement (i.e., self-care and active participation) in medical care. Three related studies demonstrated the ability of the subscales or total score to predict with some specificity (a) criterion group membership (clinic users and enrollees in a self-care course), (b) reported use of clinic facilities, and (c) overt behavior (e.g., inquisitiveness, self-diagnosis) in a medical setting. Discriminant validity of the instrument is also established. Theoretical implications of the preference constructs are described in terms of the concept of personal control, and practical implications of the measure are presented.
人们一直认为，让患者积极主动地参与医疗保健是有益的。然而，先前的研究表明，个体在治疗情境中对信息和自我护理的接受程度存在差异。本文报告了克兰茨健康意见调查的开发与验证过程，该调查用于衡量对不同治疗方法的偏好。该测量方法得出一个总分和两个相对独立的子量表，分别衡量对医疗保健中信息的偏好以及对行为参与（即自我护理和积极参与）的偏好。三项相关研究表明，子量表或总分能够以一定的特异性预测：（a）标准组成员身份（诊所使用者和自我护理课程的参与者），（b）报告的诊所设施使用情况，以及（c）医疗环境中的公开行为（如好奇心、自我诊断）。该工具的判别效度也已确立。文中从个人控制概念的角度描述了偏好结构的理论意义，并阐述了该测量方法的实际意义。
