Prins D, Beaudet R
J Speech Hear Res. 1980 Dec;23(4):757-68. doi: 10.1044/jshr.2304.757.
Psychological defense mechanism preference was assessed in 16 adult stutterers. From this group, two subgroups of six subjects each were identified by their opposite extremes in defensive style: (1) expressive defenders; (2) avoidance defenders. Subsequently, these subgroups were found to be significantly different in measures of stuttering frequency and disfluency type. The expressive defenders showed higher frequency stuttering than the avoidance defenders (21.5% vs. 4.66%) while the avoidance subgroup showed preference for the use of accessory-type disfluencies; that is, interjections, phrase repetitions, and whole word repetitions. The possibility that the speech disfluencies of stutterers may vary as a function of defense preference is discussed in relation to: (1) definitions of stuttering phenomena and the disorder; (2) the developmental nature of stuttering as a problem and the role of learning; (3) different syndromes of stuttering; and (4) the contributions of etiologic versus pathogenic factors to the origins of the disorder.
对16名成年口吃者的心理防御机制偏好进行了评估。在这个群体中，根据防御风格的两个极端，确定了两个各有6名受试者的亚组：（1）表达型防御者；（2）回避型防御者。随后发现，这些亚组在口吃频率和不流畅类型的测量上存在显著差异。表达型防御者的口吃频率高于回避型防御者（21.5%对4.66%），而回避型亚组则更倾向于使用附属型不流畅；即感叹词、短语重复和单词重复。口吃者的言语不流畅可能因防御偏好而有所不同，这一可能性将结合以下方面进行讨论：（1）口吃现象和障碍的定义；（2）口吃作为一个问题的发展性质以及学习的作用；（3）不同的口吃综合征；（4）病因学因素与致病因素对该障碍起源的贡献。
