Hendrickx A G, Pellegrini M, Tarara R, Parker R, Silverman S, Steffek A J
Teratology. 1980 Aug;22(1):103-14. doi: 10.1002/tera.1420220113.
Eighteen pregnant Macaca mulatta, 15 Macaca radiata, and six Papio cynocephalus were treated with 5--20 mg/kg triamcinolone acetonide (TAC) between 21 and 43 days of gestation on single- or multiple-day treatment schedules. Prenatal deaths and stillbirths were tripled in the bonnet monkey and doubled in the rhesus monkey, but did not significantly increase in the baboon. The central nervous system and cranium were the most commonly malformed areas in all three species. The incidence of severe defects, e.g., cranium bifidum, encephalocele, meningocele, and hydrocephalus, was increased in multiple-day treated cases. Minor abnormalities such as aplasia cutis congenita, cranium bifidum occultum, and occipital lobe hypoplasia were more prevalent in single-day treated cases. The sensitive period (days 23--31) for TAC for this group of defects encompasses neural tube closure, rostral demarcation of the midbrain, and development of the primordial collicular plate and two midbrain neuromeres. The results of this study indicate that TAC is a valuable chemical tool for the study of malformations and pathogenesis of the brain and accompanying cranio-facial defects.
18只怀孕的恒河猴、15只狮尾猴和6只狒狒在妊娠21至43天期间，按照单日或多日治疗方案，接受了5至20毫克/千克的曲安奈德（TAC）治疗。帽猴的产前死亡和死产增加了两倍，恒河猴增加了一倍，但狒狒没有显著增加。中枢神经系统和颅骨是所有三个物种中最常见的畸形部位。在多日治疗的病例中，严重缺陷如颅骨裂、脑膨出、脑膜膨出和脑积水的发生率增加。在单日治疗的病例中，先天性皮肤发育不全、隐性颅骨裂和枕叶发育不全等轻微异常更为普遍。TAC导致这组缺陷的敏感期（第23至31天）包括神经管闭合、中脑的喙侧分界以及原始丘板和两个中脑神经节的发育。这项研究的结果表明，TAC是研究大脑畸形和发病机制以及伴随的颅面缺陷的一种有价值的化学工具。
