Scheidt R J, Schaie K W
J Gerontol. 1978 Nov;33(6):848-57. doi: 10.1093/geronj/33.6.848.
The present study examined the feasibility of a taxonomic strategy for generating situational criteria useful in the assessment of competence for older adults, with competence viewed as adaptive responding in specific situations. The first phase of the strategy involved (a) sampling a population of situations relevant to the experience of an older urban population, (b) selecting and empirically testing the reliability of four attribute dimensions (social-nonsocial; high-low activity; common-uncommon: supportive-depriving), which, in combination, taxonomized 16 classes of 80 situations, and (c) adapting these situations to a Q-sort technique. In the second phase, taxonomized situations were Q-sorted by 20 older individuals(x age = 71 years) on three response dimensions (self-rated ease of coping, affect, and frequency of encounter). Significant MANOVA main effects and interactions for each response dimension were found. Implications of this approach for generating ecologically-valid situational criteria useful in assessing adult competence are discussed.
本研究探讨了一种分类策略的可行性，该策略旨在生成有助于评估老年人能力的情境标准，其中能力被视为在特定情境中的适应性反应。该策略的第一阶段包括：(a) 对与老年城市人口经历相关的一系列情境进行抽样；(b) 选择并通过实证检验四个属性维度（社交-非社交；高-低活动度；常见-不常见；支持-剥夺）的可靠性，这四个维度相结合，将80种情境分类为16类；(c) 将这些情境改编为Q分类技术。在第二阶段，20名老年人（平均年龄 = 71岁）根据三个反应维度（自我评定的应对难易程度、情感和遭遇频率）对分类后的情境进行Q分类。研究发现，每个反应维度都存在显著的多变量方差分析主效应和交互作用。本文讨论了这种方法对于生成有助于评估成人能力的生态有效情境标准的意义。
