Bouchet A
Phlebologie. 1980 Oct-Dec;33(4):597-606.
The anal canal marks the transition from the end of the alimentary canal to the exterior. Its prime function is to maintain continence by means of the internal sphincter. 1) Level with the mucous membrane, the pectineal line contains the anal valves, which form the limits of a supravalvular area glossy red in colour and a blue-grey subvalvular area in which is sited the linea alba of Hilton. 2) The sphincteral apparatus includes the internal sphincter which contracts automatically and which ensures tight continence, the longitudinal muscular stratum joining the ampulla of the rectum, and the pubo-rectal tract or levator ani, drawing the head of the rectum forwards. 3) The canal is surrounded by cellular perianal tissues, and, phlebologically speaking, is vascularised by a system which joins the portal current; the position of this system explains the topography of hemorrhoids.
肛管标志着消化道末端与外界的过渡。其主要功能是通过内括约肌维持节制。1）在黏膜水平，肛白线包含肛门瓣，肛门瓣形成了上方区域颜色呈光泽红色、下方区域呈蓝灰色的界限，希尔顿白线位于下方区域。2）括约肌装置包括自动收缩并确保紧密节制的内括约肌、连接直肠壶腹的纵肌层以及将直肠头部向前牵拉的耻骨直肠肌束或肛提肌。3）肛管被肛周细胞组织包围，从静脉学角度讲，由一个连接门静脉血流的系统供血；该系统的位置解释了痔疮的形态。
