Kopchick J H, Bourne N K, Fine S W, Jacobsohn H A, Jacobs S C, Lawson R K
Urology. 1981 Jan;17(1):13-7. doi: 10.1016/0090-4295(81)90003-0.
Congenital renal arteriovenous malformations are rare, but their incidence are frequency of recognition are rising. Six cases of both cirsoid and idiopathic varieties are described. Patients were either asymptomatic or presented with gross hematuria and flank pain. Physical findings included hypertension, cardiomegaly, flank tenderness, and an abdominal bruit. IVP findings included filling defects in the renal pelvis from blood clots, irregular mucosal pattersn, or mass effect. Angiography demonstrated either single, simple, vascular channels or multiple, complex, varix-like communications. In both there was early filling of the renal vein, a normal caliber to the feeding artery and draining vein, and no displacement of parenchymal vessles. Asymptomatic patients required no treatment. Surgical procedures that spare renal parenchyma are preferred.
先天性肾动静脉畸形较为罕见，但其发病率和诊断率正在上升。本文描述了6例蔓状型和特发型病例。患者要么无症状，要么表现为肉眼血尿和侧腹疼痛。体格检查发现包括高血压、心脏扩大、侧腹压痛和腹部杂音。静脉肾盂造影结果包括肾盂内血栓形成的充盈缺损、不规则黏膜形态或占位效应。血管造影显示为单一、简单的血管通道或多个复杂的、静脉曲张样交通支。两者均表现为肾静脉早期充盈、供血动脉和引流静脉管径正常，实质血管无移位。无症状患者无需治疗。首选保留肾实质的手术方法。
