The evaluation of amenorrhea requires a careful history and physical examination and a systematic, stepwise approach. Pregnancy must be excluded. One or more of the following will help establish the diagnosis: prolactin, T4, lateral skull x-ray or tomograms of the sella, FSH, LH, urinary 17-ketosteroids and 17-hydroxysteroids, bone age, buccal smear for Barr bodies, karyotype and the presence of withdrawal bleeding after a course of progesterone alone or cyclic estrogen plus progesterone.
闭经的评估需要详细的病史、体格检查以及系统的、逐步的方法。必须排除妊娠。以下一项或多项检查有助于明确诊断：催乳素、甲状腺素、蝶鞍侧位颅骨X线片或断层扫描、促卵泡生成素、促黄体生成素、尿17 - 酮类固醇和17 - 羟类固醇、骨龄、巴氏小体的口腔涂片、染色体核型以及单独使用孕酮或周期性使用雌激素加孕酮后有无撤退性出血。
