Greathouse D G, Osborne R H
J Environ Pathol Toxicol. 1980 Sep;4(2-3):65-76.
This study was designed to further investigate the association(s) of cardiovascular diseases and drinking water constituents. A sample of 4200 adults were randomly selected from 35 geographic areas to represent the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the contiguous United States. Each participant was interviewed and given a thorough physical examination. A tap water grab sample was collected from each participant's residence and analyzed for 80 inorganic chemical constituents. This paper is limited to measures of association between mortality rates and mean inorganic chemical constituent levels for the 35 study areas. Limited statistical analyses of associations among some of the chemical constituent levels are also included. Hardness and calcium appear to follow the normal trend of negative associations with the mortality rates for most groups of cardiovascular diseases, whereas the area means for copper and lead are positively associated. Zinc and cadmium associations were examined, but the range of constituent levels in the sampled drinking waters is too small for meaningful interpretation of the results. Unexpectedly, the area sodium means were negatively related to the male and female cardiovascular mortality rates; the associations were statistically significant (P less than 0.05) for both the male and female total cardiovascular-renal and ischemic heart disease mortality rates.
本研究旨在进一步探究心血管疾病与饮用水成分之间的关联。从35个地理区域随机抽取了4200名成年人作为样本，以代表美国本土非机构化的平民人口。对每位参与者进行了访谈并进行了全面的身体检查。从每位参与者的住所采集了一份自来水抓取样本，并分析了80种无机化学成分。本文仅限于研究35个研究区域的死亡率与无机化学成分平均水平之间的关联度量。还包括对一些化学成分水平之间关联的有限统计分析。对于大多数心血管疾病组，硬度和钙似乎呈现出与死亡率负相关的正常趋势，而铜和铅的区域平均值则呈正相关。对锌和镉的关联进行了研究，但采样饮用水中成分水平的范围过小，无法对结果进行有意义的解读。出乎意料的是，区域钠平均值与男性和女性心血管死亡率呈负相关；对于男性和女性总的心血管 - 肾脏和缺血性心脏病死亡率，这种关联具有统计学意义（P小于0.05）。
