Seifert G, Schröder A
Laryngol Rhinol Otol (Stuttg). 1980 Nov;59(11):699-709.
On an average 35%, of the carcinomas of the pharynx are localized in the hypopharynx. 44 carcinomas of the hypopharynx were analyzed which were observed 1970-1979 in the Institute of Pathology of the University of Hamburg. The age peak lays in the 7th decade of age. 84% of the patients were male. 68% of the cases were localized in the sinus piriformis, 21% in the posterior wall and 11% in the post-cricoid area. The stage T4 of the TNM classification existed in 87% of the cases, a formation of hematic pulmonary metastases in 40%. The highest frequency of metastases if found in the carcinomas of the sinus piriformis. According to the WHO classification 91% of the carcinomas were squamous cell carcinomas and 9% anaplastic carcinomas. 9% of the squamous cell carcinomas were high differentiated, 52% moderate and 30% poor differentiated. A very distinct stromal reaction was observed in the high differentiated carcinomas. The plasma cells showed a high content of IgA and IgG as revealed by the application of the indirect immunoperoxidase method. The content of Ig-containing plasma cells is distinctly reduced in poor differentiated carcinomas or after radiation therapy. A positive marking of carcinoembryonic antigen could be demonstrated in high and moderate differentiated carcinomas, especially in the keratinized areas. Prestages of the carcinomas are leukoplakias with dysplasia and papillomas, early stages the carcinoma in situ. Risk factors are tobacco abuse, alcoholism and the Plummer-Vinson's syndrome.
平均而言，35%的咽癌位于下咽。对1970年至1979年在汉堡大学病理研究所观察到的44例下咽癌进行了分析。年龄高峰在70岁。84%的患者为男性。68%的病例位于梨状窦，21%位于后壁，11%位于环状软骨后区。TNM分类的T4期在87%的病例中存在，40%有血性肺转移。转移发生率最高的是梨状窦癌。根据世界卫生组织的分类，91%的癌为鳞状细胞癌，9%为间变性癌。9%的鳞状细胞癌为高分化，52%为中分化，30%为低分化。在高分化癌中观察到非常明显的间质反应。应用间接免疫过氧化物酶法显示浆细胞中IgA和IgG含量较高。在低分化癌或放疗后，含Ig浆细胞的含量明显降低。在高分化和中分化癌中，尤其是在角化区域，癌胚抗原可呈阳性标记。癌前阶段为发育异常的白斑和乳头状瘤，早期为原位癌。危险因素为烟草滥用、酗酒和普卢默-文森综合征。
